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Psiquiatr. salud ment ; 26(1/2): 4-14, ene.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708244

ABSTRACT

El marco referencial de Brian Barber relaciona consumo de drogas, depresión, suicidalidad y conductas violentas con estilos parentales: la aceptación de los padres se correlaciona positivamente con iniciativa adolescente, y negativamente con síntomas depresivos y suicidas; el control psicológico con depresión y conducta antisocial, y el control comportamental negativamente con ésta última. Material y métodos: En conjunto con el autor, se adapta el instrumento CNAP y se aplica a una muestra representativa aleatoria trietápica de la Región Metropolitana (n=1447). Resultados: Hay consumo frecuente de alcohol en 26,9 por ciento, tabaco31,2 por ciento, de marihuana 6,9 por ciento, de cocaína u otras drogas2,3 por ciento. Hay ideación suicida en 7,7 por ciento y síntomas depresivos en 6,9 por ciento. La autoagresión predomina en mujeres y la heteroagresión en hombres. Con la edad aumenta el consumo de alcohol (X2=107,95, p=0,0001), de tabaco (X2=63,02, p=0,0001), de marihuana (X2=18,78,p=0,001);y de cocaína(X2=8,995,p=0,06). No hay diferencias por edad en conductas violentas, ideación suicida o síntomas depresivos. A peor relación con los padres mayor consumo, depresión, ideación suicida, y conductas heteroagresivas. Se encuentran coeficientes de correlación de Spearman en la misma dirección de los del estudio internacional CNAP. Conclusiones: Esta encuesta confirma estudios previos sobre sexo, edad y estilos parentales: hay mayor consumo de sustancias químicas y conductas heteroagresivas entre los hombres y de sentimientos depresivos e ideación suicida entre las mujeres. Las conductas estudiadas aumentan con la edad, con excepción de la violencia; estas conductas se correlacionan entre sí, y disminuyen con una buena relación con los padres. El modelo de Barber es confirmado en este estudio en Santiago de Chile, lo que importa en diseño de políticas públicas e intervenciones preventivas.


The referential framework developed by Brian Barber relates the consumption of drugs, depression, suicides and violent conduct to parental styles: acceptance by parents is positively correlated to prosocial adolescent initiative and, negatively, with depressive symptoms and suicidality; psychological control correlates with depression and anti-social behavior and psychological control correlates negatively with the latter. Material and methods: Together with the author, the CNAP survey (developed by Barber et al) was applied to a random trietapic representative sample from the Metropolitan Region (n=1447). Results: Frequent consumption was found in 26.9 percent of all cases, tobacco in 31.2 percent, marihuana in 6.9 percent and cocaine and other drugs in 2.3 percent Suicidal ideation accounted for 7.7 percent and depressive symptoms for 6.9 percent. Self-mutilation was predominant in women and hetero-aggression in men. Consumption increased with age: of alcohol (X2=107.95,p=0.0001), tobacco (X2=63.02,p=0.0001), marihuana (X2=18.78,p=0.001) and cocaine (X2=8.995,p=0.06). There were no age differences with regards to violent conduct, suicidal ideation or depressive symptoms. As relations with parents got worse, so did consumption, depression, suicidal ideation and hetero-aggressive conduct. Spearman correlation coefficients followed the same path as those of the CNAP international study. Conclusions: This survey confirms previous studies as to sex, age and parental styles: there is a greater consumption of chemical substances and hetero-aggressive conduct among men and depression and suicidal tendencies among women. The conduct studied increased with age, with the exception of violence; these conducts were correlated among each other, tending to decrease as relations with parents improved. The Barber model has been confirmed in this study in Santiago, Chile, which is important when it comes to designing public policies and preventive intervention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Adolescent Behavior , Students/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Alcoholism , Child Rearing , Chile , Cocaine-Related Disorders , Data Collection , Marijuana Abuse , Risk-Taking , Self-Injurious Behavior , Smoking , Suicidal Ideation , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
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